Archive of Our Own

Archive of Our Own

Optimizing an In-Site Search Engine & UI Redesign

Optimizing an In-Site Search Engine & UI Redesign

A reimagining of the site Archive of Our Own, with a revised search engine that better aligns with user exceptions and redesigned UI for better accessibility.

A reimagining of the site Archive of Our Own, with a revised search engine that better aligns with user exceptions and redesigned UI for better accessibility.

My Role
My Role
UX/UI Designer, UX Researcher
UX/UI Designer, UX Researcher
Date
Date
December 2024
December 2024
Category
Category
Web Redesign
Web Redesign

What is Archive of Our Own?

Archive of Our Own is a website dedicated to hosting fan stories, also known as fan fiction. Owned by a non profit organization (Organization for Transformative Works), the website was created in 2007 and currently hosts 14,220,00 different works.


However over the years, there has been plenty of user frustration over its confusing navigation and busy UI, leading to people seek out other competitors. In this project, I researched, interviewed, and built a final prototype to solve for the site's cluttered design.

Archive of Our Own is a website dedicated to hosting fan stories, also known as fan fiction. Owned by a non profit organization (Organization for Transformative Works), the website was created in 2007 and currently hosts 14,220,00 different works.


However over the years, there has been plenty of user frustration over its confusing navigation and busy UI, leading to people seek out other competitors. In this project, I researched, interviewed, and built a final prototype to solve for the site's cluttered design.

Archive of Our Own is a website dedicated to hosting fan stories, also known as fan fiction. Owned by a non profit organization (Organization for Transformative Works), the website was created in 2007 and currently hosts 14,220,00 different works.


However over the years, there has been plenty of user frustration over its confusing navigation and busy UI, leading to people seek out other competitors. In this project, I researched, interviewed, and built a final prototype to solve for the site's cluttered design.

Projects Goals

UI redesign + optimize in-search engine

UI redesign + optimize in-search engine

UI redesign + optimize in-search engine

🧑‍💻🔍 + 📑🔨

This project will focus on the desktop and main guest experince of the website.

This project will focus on the desktop and main guest experince of the website.

This project will focus on the desktop and main guest experince of the website.

View Prototype

Research

Research

For easier reading, for now on Archive of Our Own will be shortened to "Archive".


Research was used to explore why users were experiencing problems on the current Archive site. When I first started my research, I surveyed the site structure and noticed how similar it was to most e-commerce websites in terms of functionality. This lead me to not only refer to its direct competitors but also websites such as Amazon or Ebay for guidance in my future competitive analysis.


User Interviews

User Interviews

To understand the problems users were facing, 6 people between the ages of

20-30 were asked to preform tasks and rate the website's most trafficked pages including the Home page, Work Search Result page, and Advanced Search page. This was done so I could identify existing pain points.

Homepage:


Search for a keyword and find content related to that keyword. For this research, users used the word "pokemon" to look for pokemon related stories.

Archive Original Homepage

Archive Original Homepage

Advanced Search (Filter):


Search for a character tag, exclude a character tag, and search for most popular. Archive uses a hashtag like Twitter, where its used to organize content into niche catagories.


Original Advanced Search Page Describing Javascript Commands for Filtering

Original Advanced Search Page Describing Javascript Commands for Filtering

Search Results Page


Find a "crossover story" (label that denotes a story has special features), exclude, and add a character through the site's hashtag system.

Original Archive Search Results Page

Original Archive Search Results Page

Findings Summary

Findings Summary

66% expressed:


Cluttered UI & Readability

Users were overwhelmed by the amount of visual information.

66% expressed:


Unusable filters

Users who didn't frequent the site often, or were new, gave up in frustration.

33% expressed:


Overwhelming Tags

Users complained the unlimited hashtag system hindered keyword searches.

33% expressed:


Overwhelming Tags

Users complained the unlimited hashtag system hindered keyword searches.

50% expressed:


Poor Search & Navigation

Users struggled because there were two ways of searching and got overwhelmed.

50% expressed:


Poor Search & Navigation

Users struggled because there were two ways of searching and got overwhelmed.

66% expressed:


Unusable filters

Users who didn't frequent the site often, or were new, gave up in frustration.

66% expressed:


Unusable filters

Users who didn't frequent the site often, or were new, gave up in frustration.

Other Findings


  • Search & Navigation had two ways to preform a keyword search. The search bar was rated to be the easiest way by users, however, 50% of the users tested used the Fandom Lists page, which also hosted quick links to each fandom's stories.

  • Exclusion Filters were only found by those who frequented the website and new or casual users experienced heavy frustration because they were hidden.

Original Fandom Links Page Filled with Thousands of Links

Original Fandom Links Page Filled with Thousands of Links

Finding Pain Points

Finding Pain Points

From my findings, I decided to put my data into an affinity map, to analyze common traits experienced by users. Once the organization was complete, I extracted the most common pain points to create personas that represented these issues as my main focus.

This map helped me categorize and extract information as follows:


Key Pain Points:


  • Visual issues: Of all users surveyed, 66% complained about either visual layout of the site or experienced reliability issues. Of all the completions the word “overwhelming” and “bland” kept popping up between different users.

  • Navigation issues: 50% of users had issues with site navigation where they were unable to perform searches correctly, or used the Fandom page which lead them to an overwhelming page of links. Additionally, 4 people failed to exclude a tag from the Advanced Search and gave up out of frustration.


There Are Two Types of Users

There Are Two Types of Users

The affinity map identified two types of users on this website. The "New User" and the "Frequent User", which both exhibited different behaviors. Two personas were created to emulate these traits to help define my user base.

Persona 1

Persona 1

Persona 2

Persona 2

Searching for Inspiration

Searching for Inspiration

I did a Competitive analysis and picked out multiple competitors such as other writing hosting websites but also e-commerce giants such as Amazon and Esty. As I was researching for this project, I noticed how similar Archive's structure was to these websites despite serving a different user base entirely. This includes their filters, to the why they display card or item information which was a big help in my design journey.

WattPad

RoyalRoad

Amazon

Etsy

Wattpad

Similar website dedicated posting written work that has clean and spacious UI, where the way they arrange tags, item cards, and filters in a very minimalistic style that creates a clean feeling website.

Royalroad

Has a detailed, more organized genre filtering system where there are concrete sections in between for different inquires. They are organized in either drop downs to decrease visual confusion, or hidden until clicked.

Amazon

Has a global search option and side panel advanced search filters that allows users to browse and filter at the same time.

Esty

They have popular hashtags in carousel that serve as suggestions for the

user to browse even more products.

Site Map & Flow Concepts

Site Map & Flow Concepts

Before I started sketching, I mapped out the site original Archive's site map and then simplified it with my own. Gathering information from my competitors, certain priority features were retained while others that could be merged or cause confusion were scaled down. For example, the About Page merged with the Donation Page because they both accomplish explaining the organization's goal.

Once the site map was created, I focused on the pages users would most likely use which included the following: Home, About, Work Search Results, Advanced search, and Fandoms page.


Using this I created user flows and task flows to see demonstrate how this new layout would work.

Define the Concept

Define the Concept

Archive's Main Painpoints

Declutter and Redesign the Messy UI

During interviews on the original Archive of Our Own site, users said they were

overwhelmed by the confusing UI.


Improve In-Site Search & Navigation

Evidence has shown users experienced poor search and navigation that hinders

them in finding the stories they want or excluding content they do not want to see.

Declutter and Redesign the Messy UI

During interviews on the original Archive of Our Own site, users said they were

overwhelmed by the confusing UI.


Improve In-Site Search & Navigation

Evidence has shown users experienced poor search and navigation that hinders

them in finding the stories they want or excluding content they do not want to see.

Low Fidelity Overall Concept

Low Fidelity: Removal of the Fandom Page

During the first round of interviews, there were two ways for users to search for content on Archive (Search Bar vs Fandom Page links). After sketching out the concepts for both, I decided to discard the page because almost all users preferred the search bar. It was a tough call, however by limiting search options, it will help reduce user confusion as less is more.


This data was supported as in my interviews, where users who chose to search for "Pokemon" using Fandom Page page often took longer and were more frustrated compared to the Search Bar.

Fandom Page Concept Showing a Filter System But was Scraped Due to Complexity

Fandom Page Concept Showing a Filter System But was Scraped Due to Complexity

Original Fandom Links Page Filled with Thousands of Links

Original Fandom Links Page Filled with Thousands of Links


Archive's Mid Fidelity


This iteration consists of three task flows, all starting from the Homepage.

How to Search and Read Fanfics:

Homepage, Work Search Results, and Fanfic Page

Homepage, Work Search Results, and Fanfic Page

New Bookmark and About Pages:


Two extra pages were added to add more content to the empty Homepage from the original Archive site. Now the new Homepage features a bookmarks section from users who said they liked browsing community recommendations and more explanation on the website's mission.

Homepage leading to either the About or Bookmarks Page

Homepage leading to either the About or Bookmarks Page

Mid Fidelity: Removal of Advanced Search Page

Unlike the complete removal of the Fandom Page, this one was merged with the Work Search Results. After studying Amazon's side panel filters in the competitive analysis which had similar filtering capabilities and referring to data of users being confused by the original Advanced Search page, I decided to merge it Work Search Results.

Original Advanced Search Page Describing Javascript Commands for Filtering

Original Advanced Search Page Describing Javascript Commands for Filtering

New Side Panel Advanced Search Filters on Search Results Page

New Side Panel Advanced Search Filters on Search Results Page

Mid Fidelity Testing Results & Analysis

40% couldn't access:

Recent Bookmarks

Users said they couldn't access "Recent Bookmarks" from other pages, other than

the HomePage.

40% couldn't access:

Recent Bookmarks

Users said they couldn't access "Recent Bookmarks" from other pages, other than

the HomePage.

40% had trouble:

Searching for Crossovers

User's mental models form the original site carried over, resulting in confusion over the new search filters for crossovers.

40% had trouble:

Searching for Crossovers

User's mental models form the original site carried over, resulting in confusion over the new search filters for crossovers.

60% had trouble:

Navigating Home

Users had no idea how to back out of a page and used Figma's inbuilt button instead.

60% had trouble:

Navigating Home

Users had no idea how to back out of a page and used Figma's inbuilt button instead.

100% mistook:

They were logged in

Users mistook the Homepage as their own Dashboard because they thought "recent" meant their own search histories.

100% mistook:

They were logged in

Users mistook the Homepage as their own Dashboard because they thought "recent" meant their own search histories.

High Fidelity


The first version of the high fidelity was built with the following fixes:


  • Addition of a new Homepage button on the header to help users more easy return to the Home Page.


  • The "Recent" series on the Homepage was renamed to "Recent Community", denoting they were not personal preferences.


  • A new extra "Crossover" checkbox was added for filters to align more with the original Archive of Our Own's way to searching which involved a similar task flow: (Checkbox, type keyword, Add)

High Fidelity Home Page and Search Results Page

High Fidelity Home Page and Search Results Page

Priority Revisions

Priority Revisions

After the high-resolution design was finalized, I conducted additional user trials to verify if the modifications had effectively mitigated their previous bottlenecks.

80% did not want:

To View Public Bookmarks

Users had low interest in viewing public Bookmarks on the Homepage.

80% did not want:

To View Public Bookmarks

Users had low interest in viewing public Bookmarks on the Homepage.

100% Requested:

Fanfic Page Customization

Users requested the ability to customize text and background when reading stories.

100% Requested:

Fanfic Page Customization

Users requested the ability to customize text and background when reading stories.

100% failed to notice:

The Browse Feature

Users failed to use the browse because they did not know what it did.

100% failed to notice:

The Browse Feature

Users failed to use the browse because they did not know what it did.

40% Requested:

Homepage Drop-Downs

Users wanted to view story summaries on the Homepage from the story cards.

40% Requested:

Homepage Drop-Downs

Users wanted to view story summaries on the Homepage from the story cards.

Changes to High Fidelity Based on Tests:

Bookmark Page


Users said they were not interested in viewing other's public bookmarks, and there was also the problem of mass bookmarking one story which could lead to a flood of the same content: Changes were to convert this page into a "ranking" page instead where users did request a "top" story page instead.


Bookmark Page Before

Bookmark Page Before

Bookmark Page After

Bookmark Page After

Fanfic Page


100% of users requested customization on the Fanfic Page, which hosts written content. The before and after here shows new options to edit the text size, dark mode, and other customizations in a drop down menu.

Fanfic Page before with no customization for reading

Fanfic Page before with no customization for reading

Fanfic page after, with ability to adjust text size and other customizations

Fanfic page after, with ability to adjust text size and other customizations

Homepage


During testing, 40% of users requested a drop down feature on the Homepage so they can view summaries in a condensed form, rather than clicking into the story right away.

Homepage before

Homepage before

Homepage After

Homepage After

Header


100% of users failed to use the "Browse" feature to help them access the "Recent" features away from the Homepage. The name was changed to "Community" to further help link the community updates on the Homepage to the header navigation.

Header Before

Header Before

Header After

Header After

Final Prototype

After the final round of revisions, here is the final prototype along with the before

and after pages from the original website vs the my own.

Next Steps & Reflection

Wrapping up the final rounds of testing, I was proud of the redesigns I made to Archive of our Own. When I first started out with the low fidelity, I had many questions on my mind such as which pages to keep or features to use. Thankfully, I had my user interviews to relay on and had to made some bold moves to take this design where it is now. Although this journey doesn't end here, this experience has taught me to discern the necessity of features and that sometimes less is more depending on your design.


For my next steps, I would defiantly do another round of testing and start to work out the text customization features, since this was a popular by users. Additionally, I will go further in-depth on the content filters (mature content, popularity, word count) this version of Archive of Our Own would because we only visited a few of them so far (add, exclude).

© 2025 Wei Yan

Email Contact
Yw.rworks@gmail.com
Socials

© 2025 Wei Yan

Email Contact
Yw.rworks@gmail.com
Socials

© 2025 Wei Yan

Email Contact
Yw.rworks@gmail.com
Socials